Die and component material and hardness for various cast metals
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Die component |
Cast metal |
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Tin, lead & zinc |
Aluminium & magnesium |
Copper & brass |
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|
Material |
Hardness |
Material |
Hardness |
Material |
Hardness |
|
|
Cavity inserts |
290–330 HB |
H13 |
42–48 HRC |
DIN 1.2367 |
38–44 HRC |
|
|
46–50 HRC |
H11 |
42–48 HRC |
H20, H21, H22 |
44–48 HRC |
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|
H13 |
46–50 HRC |
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|
|
|
|
|
Cores |
H13 |
46–52 HRC |
H13 |
44–48 HRC |
DIN 1.2367 |
40–46 HRC |
|
|
|
DIN 1.2367 |
42–48 HRC |
|
|
|
|
Core pins |
H13 |
48–52 HRC |
DIN 1.2367 prehard |
37–40 HRC |
DIN 1.2367 prehard |
37–40 HRC |
|
Sprue parts |
H13 |
48–52 HRC |
H13 |
46–48 HRC |
DIN 1.2367 |
42–46 HRC |
|
Nozzle |
40–44 HRC |
H13 |
42–48 HRC |
DIN 1.2367 |
40–44 HRC |
|
|
Ejector pins |
H13[note 2] |
46–50 HRC |
H13[note 2] |
46–50 HRC |
H13[note 2] |
46–50 HRC |
|
Plunger shot sleeve |
H13[note 2] |
46–50 HRC |
42–48 HRC |
42–46 HRC |
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|
Holder block |
~300 HB |
4140 prehard |
~300 HB |
4140 prehard |
~300 HB |
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The main failure mode for die casting dies is wear or erosion. Other failure modes are heat checking and thermal fatigue. Heat checking is when surface cracks occur on the die due to a large temperature change on every cycle. Thermal fatigue is when surface cracks occur on the die due to a large number of cycles.
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Typical die temperatures and life for various cast materials |
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Zinc |
Aluminium |
Magnesium |
Brass (leaded yellow) |
|
Maximum die life [number of cycles] |
1,000,000 |
100,000 |
100,000 |
10,000 |
|
Die temperature [C° (F°)] |
218 (425) |
288 (550) |
260 (500) |
500 (950) |
|
Casting temperature [C° (F°)] |
400 (760) |
660 (1220) |
760 (1400) |
1090 (2000) |
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